biology : class12 Malaria Paroxysm : Causative Organism, Plasmodium, Life Cycle, Symptoms, Prevention : Malaria MCQ Questions and Answers
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Malaria Paroxysm
MCQ questions and answers.
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MCQ Questions
1. Which event most directly initiates the febrile paroxysm of malaria?
A.
Invasion of hepatocytes by sporozoites
B.
Synchronized rupture of erythrocytic schizonts
C.
Fusion of male and female gametocytes in human blood
D.
Penetration of ookinetes through the mosquito midgut
Correct Answer:
Synchronized rupture of erythrocytic schizonts
Explanation:
A paroxysm begins when many mature erythrocytic schizonts rupture simultaneously, releasing merozoites and malarial pigments that stimulate inflammatory mediators and produce fever.
2. Which sequence most accurately represents the classical stages of a malarial paroxysm?
A.
Sweating, cold stage, hot stage
B.
Hot stage, sweating stage, cold stage
C.
Cold stage, hot stage, sweating stage
D.
Cold stage, sweating stage, hot stage
Correct Answer:
Cold stage, hot stage, sweating stage
Explanation:
The classical paroxysm progresses from chills and shivering, through a period of high fever, and finally to profuse sweating as body temperature declines.
3. A patient develops paroxysms at approximately 48-hour intervals. Which developmental pattern in Plasmodium best explains this periodicity?
A.
Synchronous completion of erythrocytic schizogony every two days
B.
Continuous release of sporozoites from the liver every two days
C.
Alternating sexual reproduction in the mosquito on successive days
D.
Repeated maturation of gametocytes inside erythrocytes every two days
Correct Answer:
Synchronous completion of erythrocytic schizogony every two days
Explanation:
A 48-hour paroxysm interval results when successive generations of erythrocytic schizonts mature and rupture synchronously at approximately two-day intervals.
4. Which pairing correctly relates a classical malaria fever pattern to its approximate paroxysm interval?
A.
Tertian fever—approximately 72 hours between paroxysms
B.
Quartan fever—approximately 48 hours between paroxysms
C.
Tertian fever—approximately 48 hours between paroxysms
D.
Quotidian fever—approximately 96 hours between paroxysms
Correct Answer:
Tertian fever—approximately 48 hours between paroxysms
Explanation:
Tertian malaria classically produces paroxysms every 48 hours because the erythrocytic cycle is about two days; the fever occurs on the first and third days when counted clinically.
5. Why can Plasmodium falciparum infection produce nearly quotidian or irregular fever paroxysms rather than a clearly periodic pattern?
A.
Its erythrocytic stages never rupture infected red blood cells
B.
Multiple parasite generations may mature asynchronously
C.
Its liver stages mature only during mosquito feeding
D.
Its gametocytes divide continuously in the bloodstream
Correct Answer:
Multiple parasite generations may mature asynchronously
Explanation:
In falciparum malaria, overlapping generations of parasites may rupture erythrocytes at different times, causing frequent, irregular, or apparently quotidian paroxysms instead of a sharply synchronized pattern.
6. During which stage of a typical malarial paroxysm is the patient's body temperature usually at its highest?
A.
Cold stage
B.
Hot stage
C.
Sweating stage
D.
Interparoxysmal stage
Correct Answer:
Hot stage
Explanation:
The hot stage follows the chills and is characterized by marked elevation of body temperature, often accompanied by headache, intense heat, and discomfort.
7. A patient experiences intense chills despite having an elevated internal body temperature at the beginning of a paroxysm. What best explains this apparent contradiction?
A.
The hypothalamic temperature set point rises, making the current temperature feel relatively low
B.
The parasite directly cools the blood while increasing skin temperature
C.
Sweat evaporation immediately lowers the core temperature before fever develops
D.
The liver stage causes heat loss while erythrocytes are being invaded
Correct Answer:
The hypothalamic temperature set point rises, making the current temperature feel relatively low
Explanation:
During the cold stage, pyrogenic inflammatory mediators raise the hypothalamic set point. The patient then experiences chills and shivering because the existing body temperature is perceived as too low relative to the new set point.
8. Which change most characteristically marks the transition from the hot stage to the final stage of a malarial paroxysm?
A.
Renewed invasion of hepatocytes by merozoites
B.
Onset of profuse sweating with gradual temperature reduction
C.
Formation of zygotes in circulating erythrocytes
D.
Sudden cessation of erythrocytic schizogony
Correct Answer:
Onset of profuse sweating with gradual temperature reduction
Explanation:
The sweating stage follows the period of high fever. Profuse sweating promotes heat loss, and the body temperature gradually returns toward normal.
9. If erythrocytic schizonts of a malaria parasite mature synchronously every 72 hours, which fever pattern would most likely result?
A.
Quotidian paroxysms
B.
Tertian paroxysms
C.
Quartan paroxysms
D.
Continuous fever without paroxysms
Correct Answer:
Quartan paroxysms
Explanation:
A 72-hour interval between successive erythrocytic schizont ruptures produces a quartan pattern, in which the paroxysm recurs on approximately every fourth day when the attack day is included in counting.
10. Which finding would most strongly indicate that recurrent malarial paroxysms are being driven by synchronized erythrocytic schizogony?
A.
Fever attacks coincide with waves of infected erythrocyte rupture
B.
Fever attacks occur only immediately after mosquito bites
C.
Fever attacks coincide with gamete fusion in the mosquito
D.
Fever attacks occur only during hepatic cell invasion
Correct Answer:
Fever attacks coincide with waves of infected erythrocyte rupture
Explanation:
The characteristic recurrence of paroxysms is linked to periodic, synchronized rupture of infected red blood cells during the erythrocytic cycle, rather than to mosquito biting or sexual development.
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