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Mature Monocot Embryo
MCQ questions and answers.
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MCQ Questions
1. In a mature grass embryo, which arrangement best describes the relationship between the scutellum and the embryonic axis?
A.
The scutellum is terminal and the embryonic axis is enclosed entirely within it
B.
The scutellum is lateral to the embryonic axis and functions as the single cotyledon
C.
The scutellum is below the radicle and functions as the root cap
D.
The scutellum surrounds the plumule and represents the coleoptile
Correct Answer:
The scutellum is lateral to the embryonic axis and functions as the single cotyledon
Explanation:
A mature monocot embryo has one cotyledon called the scutellum. In grasses, it is situated laterally to the embryonic axis and is specialized mainly for absorbing nutrients from the endosperm.
2. Which structure directly protects the plumule during emergence in a mature monocot embryo?
A.
Coleorhiza
B.
Scutellum
C.
Coleoptile
D.
Epiblast
Correct Answer:
Coleoptile
Explanation:
The plumule of a mature monocot embryo is enclosed by a protective sheath called the coleoptile, which protects the young shoot as it grows through the soil.
3. A seedling develops a sheath around the embryonic root before the root emerges. Which mature embryonic structure gave rise to this protective sheath?
A.
Coleoptile
B.
Coleorhiza
C.
Scutellum
D.
Epiblast
Correct Answer:
Coleorhiza
Explanation:
The radicle in a mature monocot embryo is enclosed by the coleorhiza. This sheath protects the embryonic root during its emergence from the seed.
4. Which combination correctly matches a mature monocot embryonic structure with its principal association?
A.
Scutellum—single cotyledon; coleoptile—plumule sheath
B.
Scutellum—root cap; coleorhiza—plumule sheath
C.
Coleoptile—single cotyledon; epiblast—root sheath
D.
Coleorhiza—nutritive cotyledon; scutellum—radicle sheath
Explanation:
The scutellum is the single cotyledon of a monocot embryo, whereas the coleoptile is the protective sheath surrounding the plumule.
5. In the mature embryo of a typical grass, the embryonic shoot and root are most accurately identified as which pair?
A.
Plumule within coleoptile and radicle within coleorhiza
B.
Plumule within coleorhiza and radicle within coleoptile
C.
Plumule within scutellum and radicle within epiblast
D.
Plumule within epiblast and radicle within scutellum
Correct Answer:
Plumule within coleoptile and radicle within coleorhiza
Explanation:
In a mature monocot embryo, the plumule is protected by the coleoptile, while the radicle is protected by the coleorhiza.
6. The principal functional significance of the scutellum in a mature monocot embryo is that it
A.
forms the first emerging root and replaces the radicle
B.
protects the shoot apex from mechanical injury during germination
C.
absorbs and transfers nutrients from the endosperm to the developing embryo
D.
encloses both the plumule and radicle as a common sheath
Correct Answer:
absorbs and transfers nutrients from the endosperm to the developing embryo
Explanation:
The scutellum is the specialized cotyledon of the mature monocot embryo. It lies against the endosperm and facilitates absorption and transfer of stored nutrients to the embryo.
7. Which statement distinguishes the embryonic axis of a mature monocot embryo from the scutellum?
A.
The embryonic axis bears the plumule and radicle, whereas the scutellum is the single cotyledon
B.
The embryonic axis is the protective sheath of the plumule, whereas the scutellum is the root cap
C.
The embryonic axis is formed only by the scutellum, whereas the radicle is an extra-embryonic structure
D.
The embryonic axis absorbs endosperm directly, whereas the scutellum produces the coleorhiza
Correct Answer:
The embryonic axis bears the plumule and radicle, whereas the scutellum is the single cotyledon
Explanation:
The embryonic axis of a mature monocot embryo includes the shoot and root regions, represented by the plumule and radicle. The scutellum is a distinct lateral cotyledon.
8. If a mature grass embryo has a small, scale-like structure opposite the scutellum, that structure is generally interpreted as the
A.
coleoptile
B.
epiblast
C.
coleorhiza
D.
root cap
Correct Answer:
epiblast
Explanation:
In many grass embryos, the epiblast is a small scale-like structure located opposite the scutellum. It is considered a rudimentary second cotyledon or cotyledonary appendage.
9. Which observation would most reliably indicate that the embryo being examined is a mature monocot embryo rather than a mature dicot embryo?
A.
Presence of a radicle and plumule on an embryonic axis
B.
Presence of a single lateral cotyledon called the scutellum
C.
Presence of an embryonic root protected by root tissues
D.
Presence of a shoot apex between embryonic leaves
Correct Answer:
Presence of a single lateral cotyledon called the scutellum
Explanation:
Both monocot and dicot embryos possess an embryonic axis with a plumule and radicle. The characteristic feature identifying a mature monocot embryo is its single lateral cotyledon, the scutellum.
10. Which sequence correctly traces the protective structures encountered from the embryonic axis toward the emerging shoot and root in a mature monocot embryo?
Explanation:
The coleoptile encloses and protects the plumule, while the coleorhiza encloses and protects the radicle. These are the characteristic protective sheaths of the mature monocot embryo.
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