1. What mainly determines whether a cell responds to a particular hormone?
A.
The presence of a specific receptor for that hormone
B.
The size of the cell
C.
The amount of cytoplasm in the cell
D.
The shape of the cell nucleus
Correct Answer:
The presence of a specific receptor for that hormone
Explanation:
A hormone affects only cells that have receptors specifically able to bind that hormone.
2. A target cell is a cell that
A.
Produces every type of hormone
B.
Contains receptors for a particular hormone
C.
Has no receptors on its surface
D.
Stores hormones permanently
Correct Answer:
Contains receptors for a particular hormone
Explanation:
A cell is called a target cell when it possesses the specific receptor needed to recognize and respond to a hormone.
3. Why can the same hormone affect some cells but not others?
A.
Only some cells have the correct receptor
B.
Only some cells contain water
C.
Only some cells have a cell membrane
D.
Only some cells contain genetic material
Correct Answer:
Only some cells have the correct receptor
Explanation:
Hormone receptor specificity means that only cells with the matching receptor can recognize and respond to the hormone.
4. The binding between a hormone and its receptor is often compared to a
A.
Lock and key
B.
Leaf and root
C.
Book and shelf
D.
Cloud and rain
Correct Answer:
Lock and key
Explanation:
The lock-and-key analogy shows that a hormone binds only to a receptor with a complementary shape.
5. What is the main function of a hormone receptor?
A.
To specifically recognize and bind a hormone
B.
To produce oxygen for the cell
C.
To digest food in the bloodstream
D.
To transport all substances into the cell
Correct Answer:
To specifically recognize and bind a hormone
Explanation:
A receptor has a specific structure that allows it to recognize and bind its matching hormone.
6. If a cell lacks the receptor for a hormone, the cell will generally
A.
Respond strongly to the hormone
B.
Not respond specifically to the hormone
C.
Produce the hormone immediately
D.
Become a receptor for every hormone
Correct Answer:
Not respond specifically to the hormone
Explanation:
Without the appropriate receptor, the hormone cannot be specifically recognized by the cell.
7. Which statement best describes receptor specificity?
A.
Each receptor can bind every hormone equally
B.
A receptor usually binds only a particular hormone or related hormones
C.
Receptors are found only in blood cells
D.
Hormones bind randomly to any cell structure
Correct Answer:
A receptor usually binds only a particular hormone or related hormones
Explanation:
Receptor specificity results from the complementary chemical shape of a receptor and its matching hormone.
8. Two different hormones may affect different target cells because the cells have different
A.
Receptors
B.
Amounts of water
C.
Numbers of chromosomes
D.
Cell wall thicknesses
Correct Answer:
Receptors
Explanation:
Different receptors allow different cells to recognize different hormones.
9. A hormone will most likely bind to a receptor when the hormone and receptor have
A.
Complementary shapes
B.
Identical sizes only
C.
Different chemical identities
D.
No contact with each other
Correct Answer:
Complementary shapes
Explanation:
Complementary shapes allow a hormone to fit specifically into the binding site of its receptor.
10. Which cell is most likely to respond to hormone X?
A.
A cell with a receptor that specifically binds hormone X
B.
A cell with no receptors
C.
A cell with only receptors for hormone Y
D.
A cell with damaged genetic material but no receptor for X
Correct Answer:
A cell with a receptor that specifically binds hormone X
Explanation:
Hormone X can specifically affect a cell when that cell contains the matching receptor for hormone X.
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