biology : class11 CNS Structural Organization : CNS, PNS, Visceral Nervous System : Human Nervous System MCQ Questions and Answers
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CNS Structural Organization
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MCQ Questions
1. Which sequence correctly represents the major structural divisions of the human brain from anterior to posterior?
A.
Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
B.
Hindbrain, forebrain, midbrain
C.
Midbrain, hindbrain, forebrain
D.
Forebrain, hindbrain, midbrain
Correct Answer:
Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
Explanation:
The brain is structurally organized into the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain, arranged broadly from anterior to posterior.
2. Which pair is correctly matched with the structural subdivision of the forebrain?
A.
Cerebrum and hypothalamus
B.
Pons and cerebellum
C.
Medulla oblongata and thalamus
D.
Midbrain and spinal cord
Correct Answer:
Cerebrum and hypothalamus
Explanation:
The forebrain includes the cerebrum and the diencephalon, whose important components include the thalamus and hypothalamus.
3. The diencephalon is structurally positioned between which two major regions of the central nervous system?
A.
Cerebrum and midbrain
B.
Cerebellum and medulla oblongata
C.
Pons and spinal cord
D.
Cerebellum and cerebrum
Correct Answer:
Cerebrum and midbrain
Explanation:
The diencephalon forms a central part of the forebrain and lies between the cerebral hemispheres and the midbrain.
4. Which set contains only components of the hindbrain?
A.
Pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata
B.
Thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebrum
C.
Midbrain, pons, and thalamus
D.
Cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord
Correct Answer:
Pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata
Explanation:
The hindbrain consists structurally of the pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata.
5. Which statement best distinguishes the structural arrangement of gray matter in the cerebrum from that in the spinal cord?
A.
Gray matter forms the outer cortex in the cerebrum but is mainly central in the spinal cord
B.
Gray matter is absent from the cerebrum but forms the outer layer of the spinal cord
C.
Gray matter forms only the cerebral ventricles and spinal nerve roots
D.
Gray matter is arranged identically in the cerebrum and spinal cord
Correct Answer:
Gray matter forms the outer cortex in the cerebrum but is mainly central in the spinal cord
Explanation:
In the cerebrum, gray matter forms the outer cerebral cortex, whereas in the spinal cord it occupies the inner, butterfly-shaped region surrounded by white matter.
6. Which anatomical feature most directly divides the cerebrum into right and left cerebral hemispheres?
A.
A deep longitudinal fissure
B.
The central canal
C.
The transverse fissure
D.
The cerebral aqueduct
Correct Answer:
A deep longitudinal fissure
Explanation:
The deep longitudinal fissure separates the cerebrum into its two cerebral hemispheres.
7. Which order correctly describes the meninges from the outermost layer to the innermost layer around the central nervous system?
A.
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
B.
Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
C.
Arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater
D.
Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater
Correct Answer:
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Explanation:
The three protective connective-tissue coverings are arranged externally to internally as dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.
8. Which structural feature is characteristic of the spinal cord in transverse section?
A.
Central H-shaped gray matter surrounded by white matter
B.
Outer H-shaped gray matter surrounding a central white matter core
C.
A solid mass of gray matter without white matter
D.
Two cerebral hemispheres separated by a longitudinal fissure
Correct Answer:
Central H-shaped gray matter surrounded by white matter
Explanation:
In transverse section, the spinal cord has centrally placed H-shaped or butterfly-shaped gray matter surrounded by white matter.
9. Which structure forms the continuous central extension of the brainstem into the vertebral canal?
A.
Spinal cord
B.
Cerebellum
C.
Cerebral cortex
D.
Thalamus
Correct Answer:
Spinal cord
Explanation:
The spinal cord is the elongated continuation of the brainstem that extends through the vertebral canal and forms the caudal part of the central nervous system.
10. Which combination correctly identifies the major components of the brainstem?
A.
Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
B.
Cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus
C.
Cerebellum, cerebrum, and spinal cord
D.
Thalamus, pons, and cerebellum
Correct Answer:
Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
Explanation:
The brainstem is structurally formed by the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata, linking the higher brain regions with the spinal cord.
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