1. Which type of epithelium is mainly suited for absorption in the lining of the small intestine?
A.
Simple columnar epithelium
B.
Stratified squamous epithelium
C.
Transitional epithelium
D.
Ciliated cuboidal epithelium
Correct Answer:
Simple columnar epithelium
Explanation:
Simple columnar epithelium forms the lining of the small intestine and is specialized for absorption.
2. What is the main role of intestinal epithelial cells in absorption?
A.
To take nutrients from the intestinal contents into the body
B.
To produce bones
C.
To carry oxygen in the blood
D.
To contract the intestine
Correct Answer:
To take nutrients from the intestinal contents into the body
Explanation:
Intestinal epithelial cells absorb digested nutrients from the lumen and help transfer them into the body.
3. Which surface structure of intestinal epithelial cells increases the area available for absorption?
A.
Microvilli
B.
Cilia
C.
Flagella
D.
Pseudopodia
Correct Answer:
Microvilli
Explanation:
Microvilli form a brush border that greatly increases the surface area for absorbing nutrients.
4. Why is simple epithelium suitable for absorption?
A.
It has only one cell layer, allowing a short path for substances
B.
It has many thick layers that store nutrients
C.
It contains contractile fibers for pumping food
D.
It prevents all substances from passing through
Correct Answer:
It has only one cell layer, allowing a short path for substances
Explanation:
A single layer of cells provides a short distance through which absorbed substances can pass.
5. The epithelial lining of which organ is especially adapted for nutrient absorption?
A.
Small intestine
B.
Trachea
C.
Urinary bladder
D.
Skin
Correct Answer:
Small intestine
Explanation:
The small intestine has simple columnar epithelium with adaptations such as microvilli for nutrient absorption.
6. What is the absorption advantage of microvilli?
A.
They increase the cell surface area
B.
They make the epithelium several layers thick
C.
They move mucus toward the throat
D.
They prevent contact with digested food
Correct Answer:
They increase the cell surface area
Explanation:
An increased surface area allows intestinal epithelial cells to absorb more nutrients efficiently.
7. Which substance is commonly absorbed through the epithelium of the small intestine?
A.
Glucose
B.
Keratin
C.
Melanin
D.
Hemoglobin
Correct Answer:
Glucose
Explanation:
Glucose is a digested nutrient that is absorbed through the epithelial lining of the small intestine.
8. Which feature of simple columnar epithelium helps it perform absorption efficiently?
A.
A thin single-cell layer
B.
A thick layer of dead cells
C.
Large gaps between all cells
D.
A hard mineralized surface
Correct Answer:
A thin single-cell layer
Explanation:
The thin, single-cell arrangement provides a short route for absorbed substances to cross the epithelium.
9. Absorption by intestinal epithelium mainly transfers digested nutrients from the lumen into the:
A.
Blood or lymph
B.
Air passages
C.
Bone marrow only
D.
Urinary bladder lumen
Correct Answer:
Blood or lymph
Explanation:
After crossing the intestinal epithelium, absorbed nutrients enter blood capillaries or lymphatic vessels.
10. Which epithelial adaptation helps maximize absorption in the small intestine?
A.
A brush border formed by microvilli
B.
Several layers of heavily keratinized cells
C.
Long cilia that move mucus
D.
Thick cartilage beneath the cells
Correct Answer:
A brush border formed by microvilli
Explanation:
The brush border increases the absorptive surface of intestinal epithelial cells and supports efficient nutrient uptake.
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