1. Ionic crystals are formed mainly by the attraction between:
A.
Neutral atoms
B.
Positive and negative ions
C.
Molecules with no charge
D.
Two positively charged ions
Correct Answer:
Positive and negative ions
Explanation:
Ionic crystals form when oppositely charged cations and anions attract each other through strong electrostatic forces.
2. During the formation of sodium chloride, a sodium atom forms a sodium ion by:
A.
Gaining one electron
B.
Losing one electron
C.
Gaining two electrons
D.
Sharing two electrons
Correct Answer:
Losing one electron
Explanation:
A sodium atom loses one valence electron to form a positively charged sodium ion, Na⁺.
3. During the formation of sodium chloride, a chlorine atom forms a chloride ion by:
A.
Losing one electron
B.
Losing two electrons
C.
Gaining one electron
D.
Sharing one proton
Correct Answer:
Gaining one electron
Explanation:
A chlorine atom gains one electron to complete its outer shell and forms a negatively charged chloride ion, Cl⁻.
4. The force that holds oppositely charged ions together in an ionic crystal is:
A.
Electrostatic attraction
B.
Gravitational attraction
C.
Magnetic attraction
D.
Nuclear attraction
Correct Answer:
Electrostatic attraction
Explanation:
Cations and anions in an ionic crystal are held together by electrostatic attraction between their opposite charges.
5. Which pair of ions can combine to form an electrically neutral ionic compound in a 1:1 ratio?
A.
Na⁺ and Cl⁻
B.
Mg²⁺ and Cl⁻
C.
Al³⁺ and O²⁻
D.
Ca²⁺ and F⁻
Correct Answer:
Na⁺ and Cl⁻
Explanation:
One Na⁺ ion balances the charge of one Cl⁻ ion, so they form a neutral compound in a 1:1 ratio.
6. An ion formed by the loss of electrons is called a:
A.
Anion
B.
Cation
C.
Neutron
D.
Molecule
Correct Answer:
Cation
Explanation:
Loss of one or more electrons gives an atom a net positive charge, producing a cation.
7. An ion formed by the gain of electrons is called an:
A.
Cation
B.
Anion
C.
Proton
D.
Isotope
Correct Answer:
Anion
Explanation:
Gain of one or more electrons gives an atom a net negative charge, producing an anion.
8. Why do atoms form ions during the formation of many ionic crystals?
A.
To obtain a more stable electron arrangement
B.
To increase their number of protons
C.
To become electrically neutral atoms immediately
D.
To remove all particles from the nucleus
Correct Answer:
To obtain a more stable electron arrangement
Explanation:
Atoms transfer electrons to achieve a more stable outer-shell electron arrangement before forming an ionic crystal.
9. In the formation of magnesium oxide, magnesium forms Mg²⁺ by:
A.
Gaining two electrons
B.
Losing one electron
C.
Losing two electrons
D.
Sharing two protons
Correct Answer:
Losing two electrons
Explanation:
A magnesium atom loses its two valence electrons to form the Mg²⁺ cation.
10. Which statement correctly describes the particles present in an ionic crystal of calcium chloride?
A.
Ca⁺ and Cl²⁻ ions in equal numbers
B.
Ca²⁺ and Cl⁻ ions arranged so that total charge is zero
C.
Neutral calcium and chlorine atoms only
D.
Ca²⁻ and Cl⁺ ions arranged randomly
Correct Answer:
Ca²⁺ and Cl⁻ ions arranged so that total charge is zero
Explanation:
Calcium chloride contains Ca²⁺ and Cl⁻ ions; one Ca²⁺ requires two Cl⁻ ions to produce an electrically neutral ionic crystal.
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