physics : class12 Free and Bound Charges : Insulators : Electrostatics MCQ Questions and Answers
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Free and Bound Charges
MCQ questions and answers.
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MCQ Questions
1. What are free charges in an insulating material?
A.
Charges that can move throughout the material
B.
Charges fixed permanently at the center of atoms
C.
Charges produced only by heating
D.
Charges that have no electric field
Correct Answer:
Charges that can move throughout the material
Explanation:
Free charges are charges that can move through a material under the influence of an electric field. In an insulator, such charges are very limited.
2. What are bound charges in an insulator?
A.
Charges that are completely free to leave the material
B.
Charges attached to atoms or molecules and able to shift slightly
C.
Charges found only in metals
D.
Charges that always have zero magnitude
Correct Answer:
Charges attached to atoms or molecules and able to shift slightly
Explanation:
Bound charges remain associated with atoms or molecules but may be displaced slightly when an electric field is applied.
3. When an uncharged insulator is placed in an electric field, what mainly happens to its bound charges?
A.
They disappear
B.
They become completely free
C.
They undergo a small displacement within atoms or molecules
D.
They leave the insulator immediately
Correct Answer:
They undergo a small displacement within atoms or molecules
Explanation:
An external electric field slightly separates positive and negative bound charges, producing polarization in the insulator.
4. Which type of charge is mainly responsible for polarization in an insulator?
A.
Bound charge
B.
Free charge only
C.
Neutron charge
D.
Zero charge
Correct Answer:
Bound charge
Explanation:
Polarization results from the slight separation or alignment of bound positive and negative charges in the insulating material.
5. In a polarized insulator, where are bound charges commonly observed?
A.
Only at the exact center of the material
B.
On the surface and within polarized molecules
C.
Only outside the material
D.
Only inside a metal connected to the insulator
Correct Answer:
On the surface and within polarized molecules
Explanation:
Polarization can produce bound charges on the surface of an insulator, while positive and negative charges within molecules become slightly separated.
6. Which statement correctly describes charges in an ideal insulator?
A.
All charges move freely throughout it
B.
Most charges are bound to atoms or molecules
C.
It contains no positive charges
D.
It contains only free electrons
Correct Answer:
Most charges are bound to atoms or molecules
Explanation:
In an ideal insulator, electrons are strongly bound to their atoms or molecules, so they cannot move freely through the material.
7. What is the main difference between free and bound charges?
A.
Free charges can move through a material, while bound charges remain associated with atoms or molecules
B.
Free charges have mass, while bound charges have no mass
C.
Free charges are always positive, while bound charges are always negative
D.
Free charges exist only in vacuum, while bound charges exist only in metals
Correct Answer:
Free charges can move through a material, while bound charges remain associated with atoms or molecules
Explanation:
The ability to move through the material distinguishes free charges from bound charges, which are restricted to small displacements around their atoms or molecules.
8. A positively charged rod is brought near an uncharged insulating object. What occurs in the insulator?
A.
Bound charges are slightly displaced, causing polarization
B.
All electrons leave the object
C.
The object becomes a conductor
D.
No charge displacement is possible
Correct Answer:
Bound charges are slightly displaced, causing polarization
Explanation:
The electric field of the positively charged rod shifts bound charges slightly in the insulator, producing polarization without allowing charges to flow freely away.
9. Which charge can generally be transferred from one body to another through contact with an insulating material only with difficulty?
A.
Bound charge
B.
Free charge
C.
Nuclear charge
D.
Magnetic charge
Correct Answer:
Free charge
Explanation:
Free charges are the charges that can be transferred between bodies, but in an insulator their movement is strongly restricted.
10. If an external electric field is removed from a simple polarized insulator, what usually happens to its bound charges?
A.
They return approximately to their original positions
B.
They become permanently free
C.
They change into neutrons
D.
They leave the material instantly
Correct Answer:
They return approximately to their original positions
Explanation:
When the external field is removed, the small displacement of bound charges generally decreases, so the polarization of the insulator is reduced.
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