Practice important
Atomic Polarization
MCQ questions and answers.
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10
MCQ Questions
1. What happens to a neutral atom placed in an external electric field during atomic polarization?
A.
Its electron cloud shifts slightly relative to the nucleus
B.
Its nucleus disappears
C.
Its total number of electrons changes
D.
Its atomic mass becomes zero
Correct Answer:
Its electron cloud shifts slightly relative to the nucleus
Explanation:
Atomic polarization occurs when an external electric field causes a small displacement between the negatively charged electron cloud and the positively charged nucleus.
2. Atomic polarization produces which type of dipole in an initially nonpolar atom?
A.
An induced electric dipole
B.
A permanent magnetic dipole
C.
A nuclear dipole with no charge separation
D.
A gravitational dipole
Correct Answer:
An induced electric dipole
Explanation:
The separation of the electron cloud and nucleus creates an induced electric dipole in the atom.
3. In atomic polarization, the electron cloud is displaced in which direction relative to the applied electric field?
A.
In the same direction as the electric field
B.
Opposite to the direction of the electric field
C.
Perpendicular to the electric field in every case
D.
It does not move relative to the nucleus
Correct Answer:
Opposite to the direction of the electric field
Explanation:
Because electrons are negatively charged, the electron cloud shifts opposite to the applied electric field, while the positive nucleus shifts effectively along the field.
4. Which part of an atom mainly shifts during atomic polarization?
A.
The electron cloud
B.
The entire atom as a rigid body
C.
Only the neutrons
D.
The atomic nucleus without any electron movement
Correct Answer:
The electron cloud
Explanation:
Atomic polarization mainly involves a small displacement of the electron cloud relative to the nearly fixed nucleus.
5. What is the usual direction of the induced dipole moment in an atom placed in an electric field?
A.
Along the applied electric field
B.
Opposite to the applied electric field
C.
Always perpendicular to the applied electric field
D.
It has no direction
Correct Answer:
Along the applied electric field
Explanation:
The induced dipole moment points from the negative charge toward the positive charge, so it is generally along the applied electric field.
6. What happens to atomic polarization when the external electric field is removed from a nonpolar atom?
A.
The induced dipole usually disappears
B.
The induced dipole becomes permanently larger
C.
The atom gains an extra electron permanently
D.
The nucleus changes into an electron
Correct Answer:
The induced dipole usually disappears
Explanation:
Atomic polarization is induced by the external field, so the electron cloud and nucleus generally return to their original relative positions when the field is removed.
7. For a particular atom, how does the induced dipole moment generally change when the applied electric field is increased?
A.
It generally increases
B.
It always becomes zero
C.
It changes into a magnetic moment only
D.
It remains unrelated to the field
Correct Answer:
It generally increases
Explanation:
A stronger electric field produces greater separation between the electron cloud and nucleus, resulting in a larger induced dipole moment.
8. The ease with which an atom becomes polarized is measured by its:
A.
Atomic polarizability
B.
Atomic mass number
C.
Nuclear temperature
D.
Gravitational field strength
Correct Answer:
Atomic polarizability
Explanation:
Atomic polarizability describes how easily the electron cloud is displaced relative to the nucleus by an external electric field.
9. Which charge separation is responsible for atomic polarization?
A.
Separation between the positive nucleus and negative electron cloud
B.
Separation between two neutrons
C.
Separation between two uncharged atoms only
D.
Separation between two magnetic poles
Correct Answer:
Separation between the positive nucleus and negative electron cloud
Explanation:
Atomic polarization results from a small separation of the atom's positive and negative charge centers.
10. For weak electric fields, the induced dipole moment p of an atom is commonly related to the field E by which expression?
A.
p = αE
B.
p = E/α
C.
p = α/E
D.
p = E + α
Correct Answer:
p = αE
Explanation:
For weak fields, the induced dipole moment is proportional to the applied electric field, with atomic polarizability α as the proportionality constant.
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Atomic Polarization
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