Molecular Polarization Dielectric Breakdown Orientational Polarization Induced Dipole Moment Capacitor Dielectrics Bound Electrons Charge Carrier Generation Energy Band Gap Dielectric Materials Gauss Law in Dielectrics Atomic Polarization Electrical Breakdown Insulators and Conductors Common Insulator Examples Insulating Materials Space-Charge Polarization Electric Dipoles in Insulators Electron Mobility in Insulators Permittivity Relative Permittivity Bound Surface Charge Insulation Resistance Clausius-Mossotti Relation Charging by Friction Insulator Charging