physics : class11 Definition of Internal Energy : Internal Energy : Thermodynamics MCQ Questions and Answers
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Definition of Internal Energy
MCQ questions and answers.
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MCQ Questions
1. What is meant by the internal energy of a system?
A.
The total energy due to the motion and interactions of its particles
B.
The energy of the system's motion as a whole
C.
The energy stored only in the position of the system
D.
The energy transferred only as heat
Correct Answer:
The total energy due to the motion and interactions of its particles
Explanation:
Internal energy is the sum of the microscopic kinetic energies and microscopic potential energies of the particles in a system.
2. Which energies are included in the internal energy of a substance?
A.
Only the kinetic energy of the substance as a whole
B.
Microscopic kinetic and potential energies of its particles
C.
Only the gravitational potential energy of the substance
D.
Only the energy transferred during heating
Correct Answer:
Microscopic kinetic and potential energies of its particles
Explanation:
Internal energy includes the microscopic kinetic energy of particles and the potential energy due to interactions between them.
3. The internal energy of a gas is associated mainly with the
A.
Motion and mutual interactions of its molecules
B.
Motion of the container carrying the gas
C.
Height of the container above the ground
D.
Shape of the room containing the gas
Correct Answer:
Motion and mutual interactions of its molecules
Explanation:
The internal energy of a gas comes from the microscopic motion of its molecules and the interactions among those molecules.
4. Which of the following is not normally included in the internal energy of a system?
A.
Random kinetic energy of its particles
B.
Potential energy between its particles
C.
Kinetic energy of the system moving as a whole
D.
Microscopic energy of its particles
Correct Answer:
Kinetic energy of the system moving as a whole
Explanation:
Internal energy refers to microscopic energies within the system, not the macroscopic kinetic energy of the system's overall motion.
5. Internal energy is a property related to the
A.
Microscopic state of the particles in a system
B.
Color of the system
C.
Shape of the laboratory
D.
Direction in which the system is moving as a whole
Correct Answer:
Microscopic state of the particles in a system
Explanation:
Internal energy depends on the microscopic motions and interactions of the particles that make up the system.
6. For a substance, internal energy is the sum of the
A.
Microscopic kinetic and potential energies
B.
Macroscopic kinetic and gravitational energies only
C.
Heat and temperature only
D.
Pressure and volume only
Correct Answer:
Microscopic kinetic and potential energies
Explanation:
By definition, internal energy is the total microscopic kinetic energy plus microscopic potential energy of the particles.
7. Which statement correctly describes internal energy?
A.
It is energy contained in the microscopic motion and interactions of particles
B.
It is only the energy of an object's motion through space
C.
It is only the energy an object receives as heat
D.
It is only the gravitational energy of an object
Correct Answer:
It is energy contained in the microscopic motion and interactions of particles
Explanation:
Internal energy describes the energy associated with the random microscopic motion and mutual interactions of particles.
8. The microscopic kinetic energy contributing to internal energy is due to the
A.
Random motion of particles
B.
Motion of the Earth around the Sun
C.
Motion of the container as a whole
D.
Motion of the system's center of mass only
Correct Answer:
Random motion of particles
Explanation:
The microscopic kinetic part of internal energy is due to the random motion of the particles within the system.
9. The microscopic potential energy in internal energy is mainly due to
A.
Interactions between particles
B.
The system's height above the ground
C.
The system's speed through space
D.
The distance from the system to the Sun
Correct Answer:
Interactions between particles
Explanation:
Microscopic potential energy is associated with forces and interactions between the particles of the system.
10. Which example represents internal energy rather than the energy of a system's overall motion?
A.
Random motion of molecules in a heated gas
B.
Motion of a moving car along a road
C.
Motion of a box being carried upward
D.
Motion of a ball thrown through the air
Correct Answer:
Random motion of molecules in a heated gas
Explanation:
The random molecular motion inside the gas contributes to internal energy, whereas the other examples describe macroscopic motion of whole objects.
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