physics : class11 Potential Energy Contribution : Internal Energy : Thermodynamics MCQ Questions and Answers
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Potential Energy Contribution
MCQ questions and answers.
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MCQ Questions
1. The potential energy contribution to the internal energy of a substance mainly arises from the
A.
motion of the substance as a whole
B.
interactions between its particles
C.
mass of the container
D.
external pressure only
Correct Answer:
interactions between its particles
Explanation:
The potential energy part of internal energy is associated with intermolecular forces and the relative positions of particles.
2. When the average separation between particles of a substance changes, which part of its internal energy can change directly?
A.
Potential energy
B.
Rest mass
C.
Gravitational acceleration
D.
Electric charge of each particle
Correct Answer:
Potential energy
Explanation:
Interparticle potential energy depends on the relative separation of particles, so changing that separation can change the potential energy contribution.
3. For an ideal gas, the intermolecular potential energy contribution to internal energy is generally considered to be
A.
zero or negligible
B.
equal to its total mass
C.
always greater than its kinetic energy
D.
independent of particle interactions
Correct Answer:
zero or negligible
Explanation:
In the ideal-gas model, intermolecular forces are neglected, so the potential energy contribution is taken as zero or negligible.
4. The internal energy of a real substance includes the potential energy due to
A.
only the motion of the whole substance
B.
intermolecular forces
C.
the shape of the measuring instrument
D.
the color of the substance
Correct Answer:
intermolecular forces
Explanation:
In a real substance, particles exert forces on one another, and the associated interaction energy contributes to internal energy.
5. During a change of state, such as melting, the potential energy of particles can change because their
A.
interparticle arrangement changes
B.
electric charge disappears
C.
mass becomes zero
D.
number of protons changes
Correct Answer:
interparticle arrangement changes
Explanation:
A change of state changes the average arrangement and separation of particles, which changes their intermolecular potential energy.
6. If particles in a substance move farther apart against attractive intermolecular forces, their intermolecular potential energy generally
A.
decreases to zero immediately
B.
increases
C.
remains exactly unchanged
D.
becomes equal to their mass
Correct Answer:
increases
Explanation:
Work is required to separate particles against attraction, and this increases their intermolecular potential energy.
7. Which statement correctly describes the potential energy contribution to internal energy?
A.
It is energy due to the position of particles relative to one another.
B.
It is the kinetic energy of the container.
C.
It is the energy of the substance moving as a whole.
D.
It is always independent of intermolecular distance.
Correct Answer:
It is energy due to the position of particles relative to one another.
Explanation:
Intermolecular potential energy depends on the relative positions and separations of particles within the substance.
8. When a liquid changes into a gas, the potential energy contribution to its internal energy usually
A.
increases
B.
becomes exactly zero
C.
decreases because particles come closer
D.
remains fixed for every substance
Correct Answer:
increases
Explanation:
During vaporization, particles separate against attractive forces, so the intermolecular potential energy generally increases.
9. The potential energy contribution to internal energy is most directly related to the
A.
relative positions of molecules
B.
total height of the laboratory
C.
color of the molecules
D.
volume of the container alone
Correct Answer:
relative positions of molecules
Explanation:
Intermolecular potential energy is determined by how particles are positioned relative to one another.
10. In a substance with stronger intermolecular attractions, separating the particles generally requires
A.
more energy
B.
no energy
C.
less energy in every case
D.
conversion of mass into charge
Correct Answer:
more energy
Explanation:
Stronger attractions oppose separation more strongly, so more energy is needed, increasing the potential energy contribution.
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